Let the total production and, per capita production of food gains be $\text{TP}$ and $PR$ respectively.
Let the initial population be $P$ and the final population be $P_1$
- $\text{TP} = PR \times P \quad \longrightarrow(1)$
- $\frac{140}{100}\text{TP} = \frac{127}{100}PR \times P_1 \quad \longrightarrow(2)$
Divide equation $(2)$ by equation $(1)$, we get
$\dfrac{\frac{140\text{TP}}{100}}{\text{TP}} = \dfrac{\frac{127PR}{100}\times P_1}{PR\times P}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{140}{100} = \frac{127P_1}{100P}$
$\Rightarrow \boxed{\frac{P_1}{P} = \frac{140}{127}}$
The percentage increase in population $ = \left(\frac{P_1-P}{P}\right) \times 100\%$
$\qquad \qquad = \left(\frac{P_1}{P}-1\right)\times 100\%$
$\qquad \qquad = \left(\frac{140}{127}-1\right)\times 100\%$
$\qquad \qquad = \left(\frac{140-127}{127}\right)\times 100\%$
$\qquad \qquad = \frac{13}{127}\times 100\%$
$\qquad \qquad = 10.236\%$
$\qquad \qquad \cong 10\%$
$\therefore$ The percentage increase in population $ = 10\%.$
Correct Answer $:\text{D}$